Water full of drugs

Water re-use means we are all consuming a cocktail of other people’s leftover medicines, but measuring their impact is almost impossible. A recent analysis of streams in the US detected an entire pharmacy: diabetic meds, muscle relaxants, opioids, antibiotics, antidepressants and more. Drugs have even been found in crops irrigated by treated waste water. It looks as if drug residues in our drinking water are set to rise, with one in five Americans using three or more prescription every  30 days. Fresh water isn’t immune either. Paul Bradley of the US Geological Survey and his team checked streams in the eastern US for 108 chemicals, a drop in the bucket of the 3000 drug compounds in use. One river alone had 45. And even though two-thirds of the streams weren’t fed by treated waste water, 95 per cent of them had the anti-diabetic drug metformin, probably from street run-off or leaky sewage pipes (Environmental Science & Technology, doi.org/bqdb).

The immediate drug effects in healthy adults, at levels 10,000 times lower than from a 400 milligram pill,  are miniscule, but the effect on small children exposed to low levels of pharmaceuticals for a generation, is not known. An adult prescribed multiple drugs is more likely to experience side effects, and risks rise exponentially with each drug taken by a person over 65. So could tiny doses of dozens of drugs have an impact on your health?  What happens to you after a lifetime of drugs at very low concentrations?  These drugs have been individually approved, but there have been no studies as to what happens when they’re together in the same soup.  Endocrine disruptors, artificial chemicals found in a variety of materials, for instance were ignored previously, but are now linked to breast cancer and abnormal development in children.

There are two possible solutions. One is to upgrade water treatment facilities. It’s an option Switzerland has gone for, but it isn’t cheap – it will cost the country over $1 billion. In England, it is estimated that just removing the hormone estradiol from sewage plants would cost billions of pounds.

The second answer is to have greener pharmaceuticals that degrade readily in the environment. It is possible to redesign drugs for heart disease so that they degrade faster in the environment (RSC Advances, doi.org/bqdg), though these molecules require testing before clinical use. Most pharmaceutical companies will not research this idea at their own expense, surprise., surprise! (extracted from an article by Anthony King in the  New Scientist).

I am sure that Epicurus would advocate a blitz on this problem and if it has to be at the cost of raising taxes, so be it.  One of the most disagreeable effects of the current anti-intellectualism is the distrust of scientists.  It is true that a tiny minority have soiled the reputation of the many.  I am thinking of those who were paid to doubt man-made climate change, those who dreamt up pseudo facts for the tobacco companies, and now the sugar and related industries.  But the vast majority of scientists are honest, hard workers, trying to improve the lot of mankind.  There are so many issues they can and should address – water full of drugs is one of them.

Offending everyone in sight

 Kjell Magne Bondevik, the former prime minister of Norway, was stopped at Dulles International Airport on his way to the President’s Prayer Breakfast, held and questioned (even when it was clear that he had indeed been the prime minister of an allied country) because he had traveled to Iran three years earlier.
Of course, looked at another way, he had also been the head of one of the many freeloading nations on the planet who, as President Trump now points out, have “taken our country for a ride”, so he undoubtedly got what he deserved, as Trump would say.  In 2008, pressured by a “multi-departmental American lobbying effort,” Norway caved and agreed to buy the most expensive,  cost-overrun-prone weapons system in history, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, rather than a perfectly reasonable Swedish plane. If they hadn’t, it might have adversely affected sales to other U.S. allies ready to “take advantage of America”.
And nine years later in 2017, despite endless delays and soaring costs, the Norwegians are still buying the planes — 52 in all at an estimated price tag of $40 billion!  What a crew of free-loaders! And the Trump Administration held and questioned the man partly responsible for this largess towards the military-industrial complex.
At this rate the United States will have not a single friend throughout the world.  And we haven’t yet organised the war that Bannon is anxious to provoke.

British politics is in a post-liberal era.

For those of us who value freedom, the last few years have been a terrible time. Nationalism and authoritarianism are ascendant, and liberalism is in retreat. The latter used to be seen as the philosophy of the future in the post-Soviet era, but is now increasingly viewed as the preserve of wealthy multinational elites, who hold the values and economic interests of the working man in contempt. Along with most of the developed (and virtually all of the developing) world, British public opinion is now distinctly post-liberal. The British government cannot be blamed for this trend. But it must be held responsible for how it responds to it. The government must listen to the people, but it must also listen to its conscience. It has a duty to defend and preserve the values that made the country great, even if the cry of the mob would suggest otherwise. There are three areas in particular, in which the government has abandoned the principles of liberal democracy, in order to satisfy the desires of an imagined majority.

The first is the refugee crisis. Britain is a relatively wealthy country with low unemployment, reasonably high wages and a surprisingly low cost of living (houses in London notwithstanding.) Contrary to popular perception, it is not overcrowded, as only 9% of its land area is built up. It also already accepts a fairly high number of economic migrants, with little to no impact on overall employment levels, and a positive impact on wages due to increased economic activity in the country. So there’s no reason not to accept a mere 3000 refugee children, who are fleeing for their lives from the destruction wrecked by Assad, Putin and ISIS. Many of the neighbouring countries like Lebanon and Turkey are already overwhelmed, so we ought to be kind and help them.

But apparently for the government, 3000 is too many. It will now accept only 350 refugee children. Then our doors will be closed. This is simply unforgivable. The government has chosen to condemn thousands of children to a probable lifetime of suffering, and will save a minuscule quantity of resources as a result. But sadly, there is no public outcry. The Archbishop of Canterbury and a few MPs have spoken out. But that’s almost it. The Conservatives retain an enormous lead in the polls. Very few of the most popular newspapers have condemned the government. No donors have stopped funding the Tories, nor has any organisation withdrawn their support. Having said that, just because the government seemingly can get away with it, doesn’t mean they should. Theresa May should do the compassionate thing and allow the children to come, regardless of any backlash.

The second issue is the government’s grovelling to Donald Trump. Now I’m all in favour of a cordial relationship with the world’s only superpower. The US is an important ally and trading power, no matter who is president. The nations of Europe recognise this and act accordingly. But Britain has gone a step further. Unlike say Germany or France, Britain refuses to condemn Trump’s xenophobia, sexism and contempt for the Muslim world. It remains silent in the hope of a good trade deal following Brexit. Such a strategy is wishful thinking. Trump is fundamentally a protectionist at heart. He is unlikely to open up American business to intense competition from Britain. His zero-sum mentality in which there must always be a loser means that any deal is likely to be massively lopsided in favour of the US, to the degree in which it may not be worth signing at all. And even if a favourable deal is struck, it is not worth being complicit in the actions of an authoritarian demagogue to achieve it. Its also worth pointing out that trade and services with the EU is far greater to Britain than trade and services with the US. We ought not to  alienate our largest customer by siding with a temperamental narcissist.

The third (and often overlooked) issue is the status of foreign students, who are not immigrants because they aren’t here to stay permanently and don’t work full time. Foreign students contribute vast amounts of money to the higher education industry, allowing for investment in new facilities, the hiring of more academics,  and the funding of additional research. Non-EU students in particular, are vital because they aren’t subject to the British fee cap. Although the recently-scrapped overall cap on student numbers made sense because it prevented universities from sacrificing the quality of teaching and living for a short-term profit, there’s no need for a significant targeted reduction in foreign students. The government wrongly includes them in the net migration figures, then tries to reduce them so they can say that immigration has come down. But unlike even refugees, there is virtually no public opposition to foreign students. So cutting their numbers will only hurt the economy, and would do nothing to appease right wing populism.

Overall, I accept many of the failures of today’s so-called ‘liberals.’ A healthy scepticism of nationalism and the nation-states has resulted in an excessive faith in international institutions, which have made many mistakes and haven’t been held to account. The wealthy elites in the financial sector, who were partly responsible for the 2008 crash, have largely been left unharmed. Across the developed world, income and wealth inequality remains needlessly high. Social mobility has declined. Within nations, there are many gaps between regions, such as the American gap between the coasts and the Rust Belt, the Italian gap between North and South, the German gap between West and East, and the British gap between the South-East and everywhere else. All of this has resulted in a class of ‘left-behind’ voters, who are understandably distrustful of any self-identified ‘liberal’, and so place their trust in charismatic nationalists who promise a return to a better age.

However, liberals are not without reason to hope. The younger generation are highly socially progressive. As the right wing populists begin to gain power, their false promises become apparent. Liberals are beginning to learn from their mistakes. Science and technology will improve lives even as politics hurts them. Never underestimate the human capacity for self-renewal and persistence, whatever the odds.

 

 

Trash is trashing the environment

Researchers studied e-waste generation over five years in 12 Asian countries including China, which saw the amount of e-waste it produced more than double. From 2010 to 2015, the volume of electronic waste generated in East and South-East Asia rose 63 per cent, according to a report from the United Nations University.  The rise is big but not unexpected for nations seeing rapid economic growth, says Jason Linnell, who leads US non-profit body the National Center for Electronics Recycling.

Electrical or electronic devices are not always properly recycled or disposed of. Instead, such e-waste is often burned or washed in acid to extract the valuable metals inside. This can pollute water and air, and lead to cancers and fertility problems in workers exposed to the fumes.  Although Asia generates the highest volume of e-waste as a continent, Europe and the Americas generate about four times as much per capita – and much of this waste is exported to poorer countries that lack the infrastructure to safely recycle it.

Gadgets and toys with plugs and/or batteries are proliferating and there seems to be no organised way or place to recycle them.  Where I live no one will accept old batteries for recycling, and one has to dispose of them in the household trash, which I hate doing.  One can take computers and such to the government dump on specific days, usually one Saturday a month, but what happens to it after that I have no idea, except that  almost certainly ends up in a landfill on some continent or other  I myself even wash and re-use shrink-wrap film used in the kitchen to reduce the amount of non-biodegradable stuff we throw out – but I am almost certainly regarded as eccentric.