“The study of the past and its follies and failures reveals one surprising ground for optimism. In the long run, the idiots are overthrown or at least they die. On the other hand, creativity and achievement are unique, exciting, liberating and abiding. The discoveries of scientists, the inventions of engineers, the advances in the civility of human behavior are surprisingly durable. They may be thwarted or attacked, and at any given moment it may seem that the cause of women’s rights is beleaguered in too many places in the world. But the idea of women’s equality with men is not going away. Too few students may master the natural sciences, but the understanding enshrined in Newton’s laws of motion and the calculus are not going away. Too many people may eat and smoke their way to early graves, but the accurate understanding of the mechanisms of the human body and how they can be healed and repaired and kept healthy – that’s not going away either. 

After all, we started out in the African savannah, trying to run fast enough to catch up with things we could eat and to stay away from things that could eat us. Our natural destiny was to squat in caves, shiver, and die young. We decided we didn’t like that, and figured out how to do better. Even if the numbskulls get their way and we were to wind up back in a cave, we wouldn’t be there long. We do not remember everything, and there are losses. But we turn out to be a stubbornly smart, resilient and persistent species, and we do not forget the most important things. (James O’Donnell, Classicist; Cultural Historian; Provost, Georgetown University).